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Masseudryddelse

En begivenhed, hvor mindst halvdelen af alle arter dør ud på en relativt kort tid. Massudslettelser har banet vejen for evolutionære forandringer, da nye arter udvikler sig til at besætte forladte økologiske nicher.

Forskere har opdaget mindst fem forskellige masseudslettelser, kaldet Big 5, over historien, hvor mellem 50% og 75% af livet var tabt.

  • Ordovician – Silurian (439 millioner år siden)
  • Sent Devonian (364 millioner år siden)
  • Permian-Triassic (251 millioner år siden)
  • Triassic-Jurassic (mellem 199 millioner og 214 millioner år siden)
  • Kridt – Paleogene (65 millioner år siden)

De vigtigste identificerede årsager var: Glaciale cyklusser på Jorden og tilsvarende ændringer i havets overflade, ændringer i atmosfærisk og oceanisk kemi og omsætning, reduktion i iltniveauet i havet, vulkanaktivitet, asteroideffekt, klimaændringer.

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