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kryokonit

kryokonit er et lille hul i overfladen af gletscheren, som fungerer som en fælde for fine sedimenter sammensat af små stenpartikler, sod og bakterier. Den mørke sediment inde i en kryokonit har lav albedo – den absorberer solstråling og fremmer ismeltning under den, der danner cylindriske huller. Efterhånden som sedimentlaget bliver tykkere, isoleres den underliggende is fra varme og en omvendt situation sker – isen omkring kryokonitten smelter hurtigere, og der dannes en iskegle med et låg af sedimenter.

Inde i kryokonitter dannes mikroekosystemer, hvis komponenter er:

  • jordbaserede mineralpartikler – kvarts, feldspar, glimmer, calcit, lermineraler
  • antropogene forurenende stoffer (sod)
  • mikrober og organisk materiale (alger, cyanobakterier, svampe, virus, humat materiale)

Hullene kan også have hvilende frø, der fløj ind fra fjerntliggende og hvirvelløse dyr (som tardigrader).

Kryokonitter skaber en positiv feedback mekanisme og er en væsentlig bidragyder til glacial overfladesmeltning.

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